LAUSR

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Neuronavigation-assisted endoscopy is commonly used for skull base and intraventricular surgery. Flexible neuroendoscopy offers certain advantages over rigid endoscopy; however, a major disadvantage of the flexible endoscope has been easy disorientation in the flexed position. Neuronavigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy was not available until now. This is the first report of the use of navigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy in a patient with hydrocephalus. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 10-mo-old girl presented with irritability and vomiting to the emergency department and was found to have severe hydrocephalus. The patient underwent successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy and exploration of the ventricles (lateral, third, cerebral aqueduct, fourth) and basal cisterns with the flexible neuroendoscopy assisted with electromagnetic neuronavigation. CONCLUSION As demonstrated by this initial experience, neuronavigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy is a feasible and safe tool, endoscopic procedures with the flexible endoscope may be possible in a safer manner. We report the first use of neuronavigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy to perform an ETV and exploration of the entire ventricular system. Further evaluation will be necessary to define and expand its applications in neurosurgery.