LAUSR

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore and compare the association between psychosocial factors, sleep, central sensitization, and chronic neck, back, limbs, and multiregional pain and disability. METHODS 1730 adolescents responded to an online questionnaire containing: sociodemographic data, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Functional Disability Inventory, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Basic Scale on Insomnia Complaints and Quality of Sleep, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Child Self-Efficacy Scale and Central Sensitization Inventory. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the associations between these variables and pain and disability. RESULTS Groups were categorized into neck (n = 54), back (n = 80), upper limb (n = 52), lower limb (n = 109) and multiregional (n = 1140) pain. Multivariable analysis showed that symptoms of central sensitization increased odds of neck, back, and multiregional pain; depression, anxiety and stress, and physical activity increased odds of multiregional pain; and fear of movement increased odds of lower limb pain. Female gender increased the odds of pain in all groups, except in the lower limb group. Depression, anxiety, and stress also remained associated with disability in neck, back, upper limb, and multiregional pain; poorer sleep remained associated with disability in neck, upper limb, and multiregional pain; catastrophizing remained associated with back, and multiregional pain; and fear of movement and symptoms of central sensitization were only associated with disability in multiregional pain. CONCLUSIONS There are similar but also different variables associated with the presence of pain and disability in the neck, back, limbs, and multiregional pain.