LAUSR

Abstract Background Data on the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of Pediatric Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is conflicting and the relationship between GI involvement and the severity of COVID-19 disease has not been evaluated. The objectives of this systematic review was to determine the GI manifestations of pediatric COVID-19 and to evaluate their role as risk factors for a severe clinical course. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed and Scopus for studies published before December 31, 2020 with information about the GI manifestations of pediatric COVID-19. Patients with a severe and non-severe clinical course were compared using the inverse variance heterogeneity model and odds ratio (OR) as the effect size. A sensitivity analysis was performed if the heterogeneity was high among studies. Results A total of 811 studies were identified through systematic search of which 55 studies (4369 patients) were included in this systematic review. The commonest GI symptoms were diarrhea—19.08%(95%CI : 10.6–28.2), nausea/vomiting 19.7%(95%CI : 7.8–33.2) and abdominal pain 20.3%(95%CI : 3.7–40.4). The presence of diarrhea was significantly associated with a severe clinical course with a pooled OR of 3.97 (95%CI: 1.80–8.73; p < 0.01). Abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were not associated with disease severity. Conclusions Diarrhea, nausea/vomiting or abdominal pain are present in nearly one-fifth of all children with COVID-19. The presence of diarrhea portends a severe clinical course.