LAUSR

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal women presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Design and method: Premenopausal women presenting with ACS at the Deenanath Mangeshkar hospital & research center, Pune between January 2012 and June 2019 were enrolled. Data concerning demographics, risk factors and medical history (self-reported) were collected. Results: Ninety premenopausal women (mean age: 40.8 ± 5.0 years) were included in the study. The most common presenting symptoms were chest pain (83.3%) and shortness of breath. ACS presentation included ST-elevation myocardial infarction (38.9%), unstable angina (34.4%) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (25.6%). Mild-to-severe left ventricular dysfunction was seen in 52.2% women and triple or double vessel disease in 52.2% women. The most frequent conventional coronary risk factors were diabetes (of total 41%, 48. 6% were poorly controlled) and hypertension (38.9%); lifestyle-related risk factor were low levels of physical activity (51.1%); and obstetric and gynaecological factors were history of at least one miscarriage (26.7%) and hormonal contraceptive use (26.7%). No correlation was found between the risk factors and presentation of ACS or severity of coronary artery disease. Conclusions: The high prevalence of conventional risk factors need to be identified and addressed early. Novel gynaecological risk factors are often ignored and need fair attention in routine practice in premenopausal women presenting with ACS. To our knowledge, this is one of the largest data set that determined cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal women with ACS.