LAUSR

for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. Its combination with other agents has also been used in the neoadjuvant setting. However, the majority of bladder cancer cases are nonmuscle invasive and only a small percentage involve metastatic disease at presentation. Increasingly different agents have been formulated as intravesical therapies to gain cytotoxic capabilities but avoid or limit systemic side effects. The authors describe cisplatin nanoparticles using biocompatible poly L-aspartic acid sodium salt, which provides enhanced absorption into the bladder cells with less systemic absorption and toxicity. This study in mouse models showed absorption within the urothelial cells without evidence of blood levels of drug. In addition, this nanoparticle treatment reduced cancer growth. Various systemic chemotherapy agents have been placed into the bladder with some success, and nanotechnology has been used with taxane based therapy in the past for treatment of bladder cancer. The in vitro and in vivo efficacy demonstrated in this study seems encouraging and definitely deserves study efforts in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.