LAUSR

Approach/Methods: Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were searched since inception through October 2020, and hand searches were performed of the retrieved reference lists. No study or language restrictions were applied. Studies exploring P/F clerkship in the context of a cohort of PD assessments were included, and the CLARITY risk of bias was used. Reviewers assessed study characteristics, overall resident performance, learning ability, work habits, work products, educational assessments, and PD’s personal evaluation (worse: 0 to best: 100), and were assessed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. To account for different survey and grading metrics, adjusted standard difference in means were used. Main outcomes and measures were program director ratings of residents from U.S. medical schools using tiered versus P/F clerkship grading.