LAUSR

Objectives Video directly observed therapy (video DOT) is a tool for confirming buprenorphine adherence that could complement the use of urine toxicology; research is needed to characterize the patients who are receptive and able to use this technology. We aimed to describe video DOT utilization and assess participant characteristics associated with use. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from a pilot randomized controlled trial of adults who recently initiated sublingual buprenorphine in office-based programs, restricting to intervention arm participants, which consisted of 12 weeks of video DOT via a mobile health technology platform. Participants were instructed to record at least 1 daily video of buprenorphine self-administration. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to measure associations between participant characteristics and frequency of submitted videos. Results The sample included 39 participants. Of 3276 possible videos, 1002 (31%) were submitted. Age ≥40 years (relative risk [RR], 2.54 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.31–4.91]) and once-daily buprenorphine dosing (RR, 3.10 [95% CI, 1.76–5.48]) were positively associated with video submissions. Non-White race (RR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.19–0.97]), less than high school education (RR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.10–0.74]), history of previous buprenorphine treatment (RR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.25–0.97]), and ≥3 previous treatment attempts (RR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.07–0.37]) were negatively associated. Conclusions Video DOT utilization resulted in about a third of expected videos, although there were differences in use according to age, race, buprenorphine treatment factors, and educational status. Such differences underscore that mobile-health interventions such as video DOT may not be equally used by all patients. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT03779997, registered on December 19, 2018.