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STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case control study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the appropriate traction period and preoperative halo traction (HT)-related factors in severe scoliosis SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: HT can reduce risks involved in severe scoliosis treatment, and its safety and efficacy are well known. However, a lack of evidence exists in guiding the appropriate traction period and other factors involved in HT. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 59 patients who underwent preoperative HT, analyzed correction rate changes over time using HT, and assessed other factors by dividing the patients into two groups according to differences between the post-bending correction angle (PBC) and post-halo traction correction angle (PTC): group A (PBC ≒ PTC) and group B (PBC < PTC). The grouping was determined by whether the difference between PBC and PTC was >8°, the maximum measurement error when measuring the Cobb angle. RESULTS The mean Cobb angle improved from 96.9° preoperatively to 72.9° post-bending to 63.3° post-traction and 32.5° postoperatively. The coronal correction of the major curve (change in curve from the start to each week/total change in curve after traction) was 28.2% at 1 week (n = 59), 34.0% at 2 weeks (n = 58), 33.8% at 3 weeks (n = 41), and 32.2% at 4 weeks (n = 13); a difference was noted between the first and second weeks (P < 0.001, <0.001, 0.244, and 0.082, respectively). Compared with group A, group B had a lower height (154.9 vs. 144.4 cm, P = 0.029), lower body weight (49.1 vs. 39.4 kg, P = 0.017), higher traction/body weight ratio (0.41 vs. 0.47, P = 0.025), and more halo-femoral traction (0 vs. 6, P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Traction for ≥3 weeks was unnecessary for optimal traction. In patients with low height and weight, halo-femoral traction with a heavy traction weight was effective. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.