LAUSR

This multi-institutional study aimed to identify prognostic factors for cabazitaxel treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This study included 74 Japanese patients with CRPC who were treated with cabazitaxel between 2014 and 2017. Associations between clinicopathological factors including serum markers and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated. On multivariate analysis, high Gleason score [≥9 vs. ≤7; hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00 (1.01–4.34); P = 0.047], presence of pain [HR, 95% CI: 2.02 (1.14–3.58); P = 0.016], and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level [HR, 95% CI: 47.31 (3.79–577.49); P = 0.0019] were significantly associated with PFS. Similarly, number of docetaxel cycles [HR, 95% CI: 0.050 (0.0037–0.45); P = 0.0057], performance status [≥2 vs. 0; HR, 95% CI: 5.07 (1.57–16.24); P < 0.0001], and LDH level [HR, 95% CI: 2946 (50–420994); P = 0.0001] were significantly associated with OS. This study showed that LDH level is robustly prognostic for both PFS and OS in cabazitaxel chemotherapy for CRPC.