LAUSR

Gestational diabetesmellitus (GDM), defined as any degree glucose ≥5.3 mmol/L, 1-h glucose ≥10.0 mmol/L, 2-h of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, is a common pregnancy outcome. GDM carries risks for the mothers, and fetus, neonate, and childhood in theoffspring.WomenwithGDMmay increase risks of high blood pressure and preeclampsia during pregnancy, primary cesarean section, and future obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. About 20–50% of women with prior GDMwill develop type 2 diabetes within 3–5 years of pregnancy,and70%will develop type2diabetes if followed ≥10 years. More alarming, children exposed to GDM inuterohavea seriesofadversepregnancyoutcomesatbirth including preterm delivery, excessive birth weight, and low blood sugar, and also have higher risks of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia later in life. Thus, GDM likely contributes to the vicious intergenerational cycle of obesity and type 2 diabetes.