LAUSR

mentioned above. In the case demonstrated in the Supplemental Video, http://links.lww. com/EJA/A223, the puncture site was disinfected with 1% chlorhexidine gluconate including 83% alcohol, and the puncturing anaesthesiologist wore sterile gloves, because the target is a central vein. In our institution, this approach is currently considered in extremely urgent situations as an acceptable alternative to peripheral venous access. Therefore, the disinfection level of the puncture site should be based on the urgency of the situation and the guidelines of each facility. However, this approach requires practice and familiarity to avoid complications, as do other procedures such as real-time ultrasound-guided vascular access and nerve block.