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PURPOSE To explore the distribution of lens volume (VOL) and its associated factors in non-cataract adolescents and adults, and cataract patients in a Chinese population. SETTING Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 1674 eyes from 1674 Chinese participants (690 adolescents and 363 adults without cataract, and 621 cataract patients) aged from 7 to 90 years were included. Lens thickness (LT) and lens diameter (LD) were measured using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-AS OCT) to calculate VOL. Axial length (AL) was measured by IOL-Master 700. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the potential associated factors of lens dimensions. RESULTS The mean VOL was 167.74±12.18 mm3 in non-cataract adolescents, 185.20±14.95 mm3 in non-cataract adults, and 226.10±49.25 mm3 in cataract patients. VOL had no significant correlation with AL in cataract patients (P > 0.05), neither in non-cataract adolescents nor non-cataract adults, when adjusted with LT, LD, age, and gender (P > 0.05). On the other hand, eyes with longer ALs tended to have smaller LTs and larger LDs in all groups (all P-trend<0.05). Larger VOL was associated with older age in all groups (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A dataset of VOLs in Chinese eyes over a wide age range was presented. It is inaccurate to predict VOL, LT, and LD solely according to AL. The direct measurement and calculation of VOL in vivo and the establishment of the normal range of VOL, could help predict the size of lens capsular bag and plan cataract surgery.