LAUSR

Abstract Rationale: Vaginal leiomyoma is a rare type of leiomyoma that occurs on the wall of vagina. Treatment for vaginal leiomyoma is varied and is based on the location and size of the leiomyoma. Patient concerns: In this case, a 24-year-old newly married Chinese woman complained of dyspareunia. The physical examination revealed a solid mass on the anterior wall of vagina. It almost filled up the whole vagina cavity. Diagnosis: Transvaginal ultrasound showed a tumor on the anterior wall of vagina. Pelvic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also confirmed the tumor on vaginal wall. Fine needle aspiration biopsy confirmed fibrous and smooth muscle tissue in the tumor, and immunohistochemical examination found the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were positive. Interventions: 6 courses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue were given before the patient underwent complete surgical resection through vagina. Outcome: No postoperative complications occurred, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 3 days after surgery. Follow-up after 3 months revealed negative symptoms of genitourinary system. No sign of recurrence was found. Conclusion: In this case, vaginal leiomyoma was diagnosed with help of imagological examinations like ultrasound, CT, and MRI, as well as pathological examination like fine needle aspiration biopsy. Preoperative GnRH analogue treatment can ensure smooth surgical procedure, and reduce blood loss during surgery.