LAUSR

Rationale: Paragangliomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from ganglia. These tumors are barely found in the middle mediastinum. Patient Concerns: A 31-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for treatment of an middle mediastinal tumor which was found incidentally on echocardiography during a medical checkup. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a well-defined hypervascularized heterogeneous mass located in the middle mediastinum. The tumor showed strong 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). Diagnosis: Before the surgery, we presumed the mass was an angiogenic or neurogenic tumor. As a result, the histological features favored a diagnosis of paraganglioma. Interventions: The tumor was completely removed by anterior thoracotomy, along with the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed immediately after the tumor excision. Outcomes: The patient had an uneventful recovery. The patient did well in the postoperative follow-up without any complications and signs of recurrence at 3 months, 1 year, 2 year and 4 year. Lessons: This report can increase the confidence in surgeries of mediastinal paragangliomas adhering tightly the adjacent structures.