Objective Coronary artery fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) uptake reflects coronary artery calcification metabolism and is considered to be an early prognostic marker of coronary heart disease. This study evaluated the relationship… Click to show full abstract
Objective Coronary artery fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) uptake reflects coronary artery calcification metabolism and is considered to be an early prognostic marker of coronary heart disease. This study evaluated the relationship between coronary artery 18F-NaF uptake and cardiovascular risk in healthy adults at low cardiovascular risk. Participants and methods Study participants underwent blood pressure measurements, blood analyses, and coronary artery 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging. In addition, the 10-year risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, on the basis of the Framingham Risk Score, was estimated. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the dependence of coronary artery 18F-NaF uptake on cardiovascular risk factors. Results We recruited 89 (47 men, 42 women) healthy adults aged 21–75 years. Female sex (0.34 kBq/ml; P=0.009), age (0.16 kBq/ml per SD; P=0.002), and BMI (0.42 kBq/ml per SD; P<0.001) were independent determinants of increased coronary artery 18F-NaF uptake (adjusted R2=0.21; P<0.001). Coronary artery 18F-NaF uptake increased linearly according to the number of cardiovascular risk factors present (P<0.001 for a linear trend). The estimated 10-year risk for the development of cardiovascular disease was on average 2.4 times higher in adults with coronary artery 18F-NaF uptake in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile of the distribution (8.0 vs. 3.3%, P<0.001). Conclusion Our findings indicate that coronary artery 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging is feasible in healthy adults at low cardiovascular risk and that an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile is associated with a marked increase in coronary artery 18F-NaF uptake.
               
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