LAUSR

The global population is witnessing the emergence of infectious zoonotic diseases due to altered environmental homeostasis by humans at the peak of evolution. Remarkably, primitive microbes mutate and adapt according to the need or turmoil. Anthropogenic activities, such as civilisation, industrialisation, and deforestation, have brought humans and wild animals in close proximity, resulting in the spillover of new pathogens. Diseases like In fl uenza, Ebola, Marburg, Zika, Boca, SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), Lassa, Nipah, and Hendra, originating in response to natural infringement, have spread globally. Additionally, many pathogens are on the verge of spillover to humans after a long and continuous adap-tation process, owing to continuous contact with human cells followed by a series of mutations. Many distinctive pathogens circulate among domestic and wild animals worldwide without causing symptoms. An increasing number of unique pathogens, like animal viruses, have jumped to humans and wreaked havoc on naive immune systems by unravelling, gaining access to cells, multiplying, and escaping the body ’ s defence mechanisms. The Simian Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV), endemic in monkeys and some African primates, poses a great risk of spillover in the near future. SHFV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus within the family Arteriviridae , fi rst isolated in 1964 from rhesus macaques. Arteriviruses include equine arteritis