LAUSR

The magnetization orientation dependence of Gilbert damping and ultrafast demagnetization were investigated in single-crystalline ${\mathrm{Co}}_{50}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}$ films grown on a MgO(100) substrate by the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique. The intrinsic Gilbert damping coefficient extracted from the time evolution of magnetization precessions shows a remarkably large anisotropy with a ratio of more than 300% for magnetization orientations along the $\ensuremath{\langle}100\ensuremath{\rangle}$ and $\ensuremath{\langle}110\ensuremath{\rangle}$ axes. Such a large anisotropy of Gilbert damping persists to high frequencies up to $50\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$, where the effect of two-magnon scattering is suppressed. In contrast to the anisotropic Gilbert damping, the ultrafast demagnetization time and ratio for different in-plane magnetization orientations are nearly isotropic with the magnetization orientation. Although anisotropic Gilbert damping can be explained by the variation of spin-orbit coupling with the magnetization orientations, our results demonstrate that the role of spin-orbit coupling in the high nonequilibrium state after ultrafast laser excitation is isotropic in driving ultrafast spin-flip processes.