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Directional detectability of dark matter with single phonon excitations: Target comparison

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Single phonon excitations are sensitive probes of light dark matter in the keV-GeV mass window. For anisotropic target materials, the signal depends on the direction of the incoming dark matter… Click to show full abstract

Single phonon excitations are sensitive probes of light dark matter in the keV-GeV mass window. For anisotropic target materials, the signal depends on the direction of the incoming dark matter wind and exhibits a daily modulation. We discuss in detail the various sources of anisotropy, and carry out a comparative study of 26 crystal targets, focused on sub-MeV dark matter benchmarks. We compute the modulation reach for the most promising targets, corresponding to the cross section where the daily modulation can be observed for a given exposure, which allows us to combine the strength of DM-phonon couplings and the amplitude of daily modulation. We highlight Al2O3 (sapphire), CaWO4 and h-BN (hexagonal boron nitride) as the best polar materials for recovering a daily modulation signal, which feature O(1 – 100)% variations of detection rates throughout the day, depending on the dark matter mass and interaction. The directional nature of single phonon excitations offers a useful handle to mitigate backgrounds, which is crucial for fully realizing the discovery potential of near future experiments.

Keywords: dark matter; modulation; matter; single phonon; phonon excitations

Journal Title: Physical Review D
Year Published: 2022

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