LAUSR

Exploiting the. broadband operating frequency regimes of a graphene flake saturable absorber (GFSA), a cavity soliton (CS) is excited in heretofore unexplored ultraviolet and visible regions. A broad-area device, namely, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is taken as a host of CSs; a two-dimensional (2D) transverse soliton, which is quite different from the conventional propagating one. The VCSEL with an embedded 2D homogeneous transverse layer of a GFSA is coupled with a frequency selective feedback. A CS is also generated in the infrared region, especially at the optical communication wavelength. Spontaneous dynamics and interaction behavior of CSs as well as generation of CS molecules and the push-broom effect are reported in this broad cross-sectional device. In comparison with other existing and potential models, the proposed VCSEL with GFSA model shows greater efficiency.