LAUSR

By means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, the effect of rarefaction on the heat fluxes and the hydrodynamics of a granular gas bounded by thermal walls is investigated. The heat flux is found to evolve nonmonotonically with the particle inelasticity due to the competition between the particle inelasticity and rarefaction. The former enhances the heat flux, and the latter reduces the heat flux. As the particles become more inelastic, the onset of the heat flux diminishment due to rarefaction is found to be signaled by a temperature gradient collapse. The same temperature gradient convergence, which precedes the rarefied-reduced heat flux, is also found as the applied temperature gradient is increased.