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We develop an iterated map model to describe the bifurcations and complex dynamics caused by the feedback between voltage and intracellular Ca^{2+} and Na^{+} concentrations in paced ventricular myocytes. Voltage… Click to show full abstract
We develop an iterated map model to describe the bifurcations and complex dynamics caused by the feedback between voltage and intracellular Ca^{2+} and Na^{+} concentrations in paced ventricular myocytes. Voltage and Ca^{2+} can form either a positive or a negative feedback loop, while voltage and Na^{+} form a negative feedback loop. Under certain diseased conditions, when the feedback between voltage and Ca^{2+} is positive, Hopf bifurcations occur, leading to periodic oscillatory behaviors. When this feedback is negative, period-doubling bifurcation routes to alternans and chaos occur.
Journal Title: Physical review letters
Year Published: 2019
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