LAUSR

The Quadruple Loop (QL) antenna was designed and investigated to deliver a robust body-worn antenna for bio-medical applications. The QL antenna is a very thin single-layer groundless structure which allows for the installation of neighboring electronics and sensors which need to be extremely close to the epidermis layer. The performance of the proposed antennas was investigated for three main standards: GSM-900, GSM-1800, and Bluetooth low energy (BLE). Radiation pattern measurements were conducted to compare their results with their simulation counterparts. Moreover, data communication tests showed that the acquired BER readings could qualify the BLE and GSM-900 antennas to work as part of 4-QAM wireless links. Besides these hands-on endeavors, an equivalent and more efficient mathematical model of biological tissues which make up the human arm was computed. The equivalent model was tested in software and has the practical potential to be realized in physical phantom making.