Electrical energy storage (EES) is a promising and convenient solution for energy efficient buildings, but the high cost of EES limits the expansion of its use. This study presents a… Click to show full abstract
Electrical energy storage (EES) is a promising and convenient solution for energy efficient buildings, but the high cost of EES limits the expansion of its use. This study presents a shared EES (s-EES) service model including the architecture for implementing the service and a strategy for operating the service for apartment-type factory buildings composed of individually owned units. The proposed architecture for the s-EES service consists of physically connected energy and communication infrastructures, and logical operation of the EES virtually assigned to each participating unit. The conceptual scheme for the s-EES service is presented in the architecture. The service strategy is designed to meet the profit maximization problems of the participants and energy service provider (ESP). The optimal s-EES size and service price conditions are calculated using Lagrangian relaxation, and exchanging information between the participant and the ESP. A case study which uses data from Korea shows that more than 80% of the units in a building participate in the service because of the benefits. The benefits for both the ESP and the units grows with an increase in participating units and a decrease in EES cost. Considering 30%, 50% and 70% EES cost reduction, the ESP’s profit increases linearly to about 8, 850, and 1500 dollars a month, respectively. The additional total profit of participants increases exponentially to about 300, 640, 2400 dollars a month, respectively, when compared to individual EES usage. In the s-EES service model, an ESP can provide EES service at a low price through economies of scale, and units in the building can use the EES at a lower price than if they were installed individually.
               
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