LAUSR

In process monitoring, fault classification performance heavily relies on the labels of training data. However, the labeled data are inadequate and difficult to obtain because they require experienced human annotators. In this paper, a modified label propagation (MLP) method is proposed to propagate labels from labeled data to unlabeled data. The proposed label propagation algorithm has the following advantages: (1) It constructs a global and local consistency framework with the aid of a data graph, manifold learning, and data labels. This framework follows the assumption that data on the manifold will have similar structures, and nearby data will have similar labels. (2) Considering the inner relationship between the unlabeled data and historical data, a new definition for the initial label matrix is offered, which is significant for label propagation. (3) The new method propagates labels in a low-dimensional manifold space, which is different from most existing label propagation methods that propagate them in the original space. The results reveal that under the global and local consistency framework, soft labels of unlabeled data are given more effective predictions. With additional soft labels of unlabeled data, the MLP-based fault classification method is introduced. The simulation results obtained using a toy example demonstrate the label propagation performance of the MLP, and those obtained for the penicillin fermentation process verify the effectiveness of the MLP-based fault classification method.