LAUSR

This paper proposed an improved structure of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller called as Integral Proportional Derivative (I-PD), applied for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System (IPS). The parameters of the proposed controller are optimized with a newly developed, powerful, nature-inspired meta-heuristic technique known as Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO). To show the efficacy of the proposed controller and the technique used, they have been tested on three different system models. Initially, a two-equal area of diverse source generation including reheat-thermal, gas, and hydro power system is considered. In the second scenario, the same power system model is used with addition of two non-linearities; Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and Governor Dead Band (GDB). Lastly, multiple non-linearities including Governor Dead Band (GDB), Time Delay (TD), Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), and Boiler Dynamics (BD) have been considered to make the initial system more realistic and practical. The outcome from the proposed techniques is also compared with some recently meta-heuristic algorithms such as Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Firefly Algorithm (FA). From the results, it has been perceived that the proposed technique shows superior performance in respect of Overshoot (Osh), Undershoot (Ush) and Settling Time (Ts) of the system frequency.