LAUSR

With the absence of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS), home energy management systems (HEMS) suffer more difficulties to schedule the household demand without affecting the homeowner’s lifestyle or exceeding distribution transformer maximum loading. The problem is more complicated when considering other practical situations like multi-trips and urgent charging activities of electric vehicles (EV) during the peak periods. In this paper, a HEMS strategy is proposed to coordinate the operation of the household load demand, including charging/discharging activities of EVs batteries in homes that are not integrated with RES nor ESS. The proposed strategy is intended to reduce the daily energy cost, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and alleviate stresses on the distribution transformer while maintaining the homeowner’s convenience. Unlike most previous studies, the proposed strategy considers EV multi-trips and battery degradation associated with home discharging activities. The proposed strategy coordinates the operation of various household appliances while the charging algorithm tackles the problem of urgent charging related to multi-trips requirements. Furthermore, by using battery degradation cost and energy tariff, the proposed strategy investigates the economic feasibility of home discharging activities of EVs. The strategy is applied to a residential neighborhood with three houses with various numbers of residents and various load profiles. The results proved the proposed strategy’s effectiveness in reducing the energy cost and PAR while maintaining the transformer loading limit even if there are charging activities during peak or high tariff periods.