LAUSR

A pattern matching method (signature-based) is widely used in basic network intrusion detection systems (IDS). A more robust method is to use a machine learning classifier to detect anomalies and unseen attacks. However, a single machine learning classifier is unlikely to be able to accurately detect all types of attacks, especially uncommon attacks e.g., Remote2Local (R2L) and User2Root (U2R) due to a large difference in the patterns of attacks. Thus, a hybrid approach offers more promising performance. In this paper, we proposed a Double-Layered Hybrid Approach (DLHA) designed specifically to address the aforementioned problem. We studied common characteristics of different attack categories by creating Principal Component Analysis (PCA) variables that maximize variance from each attack type, and found that R2L and U2R attacks have similar behaviour to normal users. DLHA deploys Naive Bayes classifier as Layer 1 to detect DoS and Probe, and adopts SVM as Layer 2 to distinguish R2L and U2R from normal instances. We compared our work with other published research articles using the NSL-KDD data set. The experimental results suggest that DLHA outperforms several existing state-of-the-art IDS techniques, and is significantly better than any single machine learning classifier by large margins. DLHA also displays an outstanding performance in detecting rare attacks by obtaining a detection rate of 96.67% and 100% from R2L and U2R respectively.