LAUSR

Students in database courses often have difficulty learning entity–relationship (ER) modeling. According to semantic network theory, learning to construct an ER diagram for a database problem requires complex semantic transformations between the problem and the diagram. Such complex transformation may require excessive mental effort by learners, jeopardizing their learning outcomes. A concept map is a learning tool that incorporates elements of both learning theory and semantic network theory. In this study, concept maps were used to describe the semantic transformation process to increase learner understanding of ER modeling. An empirical experiment was conducted on two database courses (one concept-map-based and one conventional course) to examine the effect of using concept maps on understanding ER modeling according to cognitive load theory. The experimental results revealed that the concept-map-based teaching method was superior to the conventional teaching method because it improved mental efficiency by reducing extraneous load while increasing germane load. Moreover, concept maps can be used as a medium to facilitate communication regarding ER modeling problems between learners and instructors, thereby improving learning efficiency. The results can help educators and researchers understand the effectiveness of concept maps for ER model learning, motivate them to resolve learning difficulties, and encourage them to develop improved teaching methods by using semantic network theory.