LAUSR

This paper aims to present a centralized adaptive protection scheme (APS) for the directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) considering system dynamics such as load demand variations, topology changes and DGs to mitigate the above-mentioned effects. The scheme is suitable for different types of networks whether its radial or meshed. Afterall, it can determine the actual topology with the micro-PMUs and breaker status, automatically generate relay names accordingly with the topology bus locations, establish protection coordination pairs, coordinate DOCRs for parallel lines, identify transformers to offer backup operation for differential protection, perform load flow and fault studies, execute contingency and sensitivity analysis, and lastly, coordinate the DOCRs using differential evolution algorithm so that they always have the proper settings to operate in appropriate time providing selectivity. The performance of the proposed centralized adaptive overcurrent protection scheme is tested on the highly meshed IEEE 14 bus system. The proposed scheme has shown that it can adequately consider impacts of system dynamics and DG.