A three-axis atomic magnetometer employing longitudinal field modulation is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The operational condition of this magnetometer is that the longitudinal z-component of the external magnetic field is… Click to show full abstract
A three-axis atomic magnetometer employing longitudinal field modulation is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The operational condition of this magnetometer is that the longitudinal z-component of the external magnetic field is dominant, which is achieved by applying a bias magnetic field. The longitudinal z-component of the external magnetic field is extracted from the modulation frequency, which tracks the resonance frequency, and the transverse
               
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