In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify five ambulatory activities, i.e., level ground, incline descent, incline ascent, stair descent, and stair ascent walking using smart shoes which… Click to show full abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify five ambulatory activities, i.e., level ground, incline descent, incline ascent, stair descent, and stair ascent walking using smart shoes which contain eight plantar-pressure sensors on each shoe. Pressure data are collected using an insole-based monitoring system regarding the walking activities conducted by participants at their self-imposed “normal” speed. We present three new features based on an analysis of step patterns to characterize the ambulatory activities and utilize a k-nearest neighbor algorithm to classify the activities from the created features. In experimental results, we obtain walking activity-recognition error rates of 2.16% at the sixth walking step. Furthermore, a proposed method outperforms two reference methods in terms of F1-score and overall accuracy rate.
               
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