LAUSR

This letter presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) two-stage rectifier. It is designed to power a backscattering low voltage RFID tag system providing the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) at low output voltages. It utilizes the internal voltage cancellation (IVC) scheme as well as forward body-biasing (BB) for internal MOS transistors’ threshold compensation. A low voltage charge pump is used to generate the differential body bias voltages. An oscillator with regulated power supply is designed to provide a clock signal to the charge pump at very low voltages. It provides 9% PCE at −13-dBm input power and 33- $\text{k}\Omega $ equivalent loading. It has also −13-dBm sensitivity for 1-V output voltage for the open load condition.