Nearly all practical applications of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) involve the use of computational tools. This article is the second in a series of five on CM [1]–[4].… Click to show full abstract
Nearly all practical applications of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) involve the use of computational tools. This article is the second in a series of five on CM [1]–[4]. Here, we review the general transformations that move CMs from a continuous theoretical framework to a discrete representation compatible with numerical methods. We also review key concepts encountered across a variety of numerical CM implementations. These include modal tracking, dynamic range, code validation, and techniques related to electrically large problems.
