LAUSR

This paper investigates the throughput of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based cognitive radio (CR) system with multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted relays under system performance and security constraints. We propose a communication protocol that includes an energy harvesting (EH) phase and multiple communication phases. In the EH phase, the multiple UAV relays (URs) harvest energy from a power beacon. In the first communication phase, a secondary transmitter (ST) uses the collected energy to send confidential signals to the first UR using NOMA. Simultaneously, a ground base station communicates with a primary receiver (PR) under interference from the ST. In the subsequent communication phases, the next URs apply the decode-and-forward technique to transmit the signals. In the last communication phase, the Internet of Things destinations (IDs) receive their signals in the presence of an eavesdropper (EAV). Accordingly, the outage probability of the primary network, the throughput of the secondary network, and the leakage probability at the EAV are analyzed. On this basis, we propose a hybrid search method combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) to optimize the UR configurations and the NOMA power allocation to maximize the throughput of the secondary network under performance and security constraints.