LAUSR

How to improve the performance of single failure recovery has been an active research topic because of its prevalence in large-scale storage systems. We argue that when erasure coding is deployed in a clustered file system (CFS), existing single failure recovery designs are limited in different aspects: neglecting the bandwidth diversity property in a CFS architecture, targeting specific erasure code constructions, and no special treatment on load balancing during recovery. In this paper, we propose CAR, a cross-rack-aware recovery algorithm that is designed to improve the performance of single failure recovery of a CFS that employs Reed-Solomon codes for general fault tolerance. For each stripe, CAR finds a recovery solution that retrieves data from the minimum number of racks. It also reduces the amount of cross-rack repair traffic by performing intra-rack data aggregation prior to cross-rack transmission. Furthermore, by considering multi-stripe recovery, CAR balances the amount of cross-rack repair traffic across multiple racks. Evaluation results show that CAR can effectively reduce the amount of cross-rack repair traffic and the resulting recovery time.