LAUSR

In this article, a novel nonisolated multiple input dc-dc converter (MIC) is proposed for all-electric hybrid energy storage systems. The proposed MIC is capable of bidirectional operation in noninverting buck–boost configuration and can accommodate the simultaneous energy transfer from multiple sources of different voltage levels to the dc bus. As compared to counterparts, the proposed MIC utilizes a smaller number of inductors and requires only one bidirectional switch to integrate any extra energy storage. Within the framework, a novel voltage transformation, operation modes, and control method are presented in detail. The performance and key features of operation with varying voltage levels and duty cycles of the proposed MIC are numerically verified through a high-fidelity hardware-in-the-loop platform and experimentally validated on an in-house test rig.