LAUSR

In this paper, a practical dynamic path tracking (DPT) scheme for industrial robots is presented. The DPT scheme is a position-based visual servoing to realize three-dimensional dynamic path tracking by correcting the robot movement in real time. In the traditional task-implementation mode for industrial robots, the task planning and implementation are taught manually and hence the task accuracy largely depends on the repeatability of industrial robots. The proposed DPT scheme can realize automatic preplanned task and improve the tracking accuracy with eye-to-hand photogrammetry measurement feedback. Moreover, an adaptive Kalman filter is proposed to obtain smooth pose estimation and reduce the influence caused by image noise, vibration, and other uncertain disturbances. Due to high repeatability of the photogrammetry sensor, the proposed DPT scheme can achieve a high path tracking accuracy. The developed DPT scheme can be seamlessly integrated with the industrial robot controller and improve the robot's accuracy without retrofitting with high-end encoder. By using C-track 780 from Creaform as the photogrammetry sensor, the experimental tests on Fanuc M20-iA with the developed DPT scheme demonstrate the tracking accuracy is significantly improved ( $\pm 0.20 \text{ mm}$ for position and $\pm 0.10\text{ deg}$ for orientation).