LAUSR

This letter proposes a probabilistic bi-level optimization model for system operators to identify important line contingencies that are initiated from substations. In contrast to classical contingency screening methods, the proposed model investigates the impacts of cyber intrusions against substations, which are rather different from the scenario where lines are on outages caused by natural disasters or physical attacks. Specifically, we consider the cyber-attacks that, to maximize the expected load loss, start from the substation cyberspace and then affect transmission lines to attain the desired outcomes. In addition, the correlation between substations and associated lines that are subjected to cyber-attack is also modeled to simulate the behavior of an intelligent attacker. The numerical results on THE standard IEEE RTS 24-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.