LAUSR

This article proposes the mechanical design and dynamic model of an innovative manta-inspired robot system for both efficient fast swimming and high spatial maneuverability. Inspired by some biological studies, a pair of unique pectoral fins with six separate degrees of freedoms (DOFs) are developed. The novel design is characterized by an improved crank-rocker mechanism and a distinctive horizontal DOF. The former not only endows the robot with high swimming speed, but also guarantees efficient flapping patterns which are close to manta rays. The latter is employed to coordinate with the flapping movement, allowing remarkable pitch adjustment. Further, the basic motion strategy is presented by detailed analyses to the pectoral fins. Besides, based on the Morrison equation and infinitesimal method, a complete dynamic model for robotic manta with flexible pectoral fins is established, whose parameters are determined through experimental data. Moreover, the linear swimming and pitching experiments are conducted, demonstrating the prominent movement performance of the presented design and the effectiveness of the dynamic model. The obtained results shed light on updated design and control of next-generation agile underwater vehicles and robots capable of multimodal motions in dynamic and complex aquatic environments.