LAUSR

In this article, a new hybrid controller is investigated for the immune response and the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection as two substantial factors in renal transplanted recipients’ treatment. To reduce the risk of kidney transplantation rejection, it is necessary to decrease the immune system level in a patient’s body by suppressing immune cells. However, this situation increases the risk of infection with HCMV. The proposed nonlinear control strategy balances the immune response and antiviral treatment to guarantee kidney transplantation success and prevent infection by tracking demanded values. The desired scenarios are designed by evaluating several Bezier curves and exponential functions and investigating the system behavior. Coupled nonlinear dynamics of the immune response and HCMV infection are studied in three modes, including immunosuppressive treatment, dual treatment, and antiviral cut-off modes. Asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proven using the Lyapunov theorem and Barbalat’s lemma in all of the three modes in the presence of uncertainties on model parameters. The effectiveness of the developed control scheme is investigated using several simulation studies.