LAUSR

Pipeline energy storage in district heating systems (DHSs) has great potential to improve electricity–heat coordination and promote the accommodation of renewables in power systems. However, under a decentralized operation scheme, the DHS operator may not have the motivation to utilize pipeline energy storage because it will lead to a rise in temperature and thus increase the system's overall heat loss. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a decentralized electricity–heat coordination framework by sharing part of the benefits of renewables accommodation from a power system to a DHS. A bilevel mathematical model is proposed for a policy designer to evaluate the effects of the proposed framework and determine the best sharing ratio between the two systems. An end-to-end DHS model is developed and used in the bilevel programming to consider pipeline energy storage with an explicit relationship between heat generation and demand. Finally, a case study justifies the effectiveness of the decentralized framework and proves that its performance is almost identical to the centralized power and heat dispatch framework.