LAUSR

Drug‐induced enterocolitis is a condition diagnosed with increasing frequency. It includes a variety of morphological and functional alterations of the small and large intestine as a consequence of exposure to pharmacological active compounds. A number of factors play a key role in this condition or participate in the onset of enterocolitis, which is the result of an interplay between the effect of the drug molecule and the tolerance of the bowel to damaging insults. The patient’s age, gender, dose of drug, time of exposure, pharmaceutical preparation, drug–drug and drug–food interactions, gut barrier integrity, underlying intestinal conditions, and gut microbiota composition are all involved in the occurrence and extent of the injury. This review approaches the topic from the viewpoint of primary care, and focuses on epidemiology, mechanisms of damage, protective systems and diagnostic tools. Although the first‐line therapeutic measure is the discontinuation of the drug, some options for prevention and treatment are discussed.