LAUSR

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in vivo and in vitro treatments of oxytocin (OT) on the testis of pre‐pubertal mice. The OT treatment produced significant changes in the spermatogenic and steroidogenic activity by increasing expression of OT‐receptor in the testis of pre‐pubertal mice. Treatment with OT showed increased proliferation of germ cells as indicated by increased number of spermatocytes and round spermatids. Dose‐dependent increase in expression of PCNA, Bcl‐2 and AR proteins was observed in the testis of OT‐treated mice as compared with the control and further supports the role of OT in germ cell proliferation and survival. The pre‐pubertal mice treated with increasing dose of OT showed significant increase in testosterone synthesis due to dose‐dependent stimulatory effects on 3β‐HSD activity and increased expression of STAR, LH‐receptor (LH‐R) and gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone receptor (GnRH‐R) proteins in the testis. The in vitro study has confirmed in vivo finding showing direct action of OT on testicular steroidogenesis. Thus, OT stimulates testicular spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis by directly acting on testis in mice.