LAUSR

The unclear bio‐safety issue and potential risk of nanoparticles (NPs) on various organelles can be considered as a major challenge. In the present study, we have assessed the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) extract and their effects on PC3 cell line and BALB/c mice model. The cytotoxicity of the ZnO‐NPs was assessed on PC3 cell line by MTT test after characterisation. Apoptotic effect of ZnO‐NPs was determined by in vitro AO/PI staining. The histopathological assessments and determination of LH and FSH levels carried out as in vivo analysis in BALB/c adult male mice. The expression of major genes involved in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation (Adam3, Prm1, Spata19, Tnp2, Gpx5) were also analysed. The obtained result demonstrated that the IC50 for PC3 cell line treated with green‐synthesised ZnO‐NPs during 24 and 48 hr was reported 8.07 and 5 µg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, the induced apoptosis was recorded 26.6% ± 0.05, 44% ± 0.12 and 80% ± 0.07 of PC3 cells. The results of gene expression analysis revealed that the increase in the concentration of ZnO‐NPs significantly (p < .05) down‐regulated the Adam3, Prm1, Spata‐19, Tnp2 and Gpx5 genes. The overall results of this research elucidated that ZnO‐NPs impaired spermatogenesis, sperm maturation process and sperm motility.