LAUSR

This purpose of the retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcome of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy (MVE) and sperm retrieval combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the treatment of males with obstructive azoospermia. From February 2018 to December 2019, a total of 69 males with obstructive azoospermia underwent MVE while 351 males with obstructive azoospermia in their first ICSI cycles were enrolled. Patients in the MVE group achieved higher pregnancy rate and births delivered rate than those in ICSI group (pregnancy rate, 44.6% vs. 27.6% for MVE and ICSI, respectively; delivery rate, 38.5% versus 25.8% for MVE and ICSI, respectively). Besides, lower female age (<35 vs. ≥35 years old, OR 1.15, 95% CI = 1.08–1.21), higher sperm concentration and forward motility after MVE((sperm concentration, OR (95% CI) = 1.12 (1.08–1.23), sperm forward motility, OR (95% CI) = 1.10 (1.06–1.20)) were associated with higher probability of pregnancy. Based on these data, it has been found that MVE is the prior option for males with obstructive azoospermia suitable for the surgery, other than direct subjected to ICSI. More high quality studies are needed in the future due to the non‐randomized design and the relative small size of this study.