Weather and climate exist on a massive scale: over the last 650,000 years, only seven glacial cycles have occurred. The end of the last ice age 12,000 years ago marked… Click to show full abstract
Weather and climate exist on a massive scale: over the last 650,000 years, only seven glacial cycles have occurred. The end of the last ice age 12,000 years ago marked the beginning of modern civilization - since then, an estimated 400 generations have passed. Yet it is only since the 1950s that greenhouse gas concentrations and global surface, atmospheric, and ocean temperatures have climbed to their highest levels in millennia, destabilizing climate systems and causing extreme weather events.
               
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