LAUSR

The features of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) were compared between patients who underwent myeloablative conditioning and received a peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) from either a haploidentical donor (HID) or a matched sibling donor (MSD) during the same period of time. The HID group included more patients with advanced disease. Both groups received the same GVHD prophylaxis with the addition of antithymoglobulin (ATG) in HID group. Higher cumulative incidences (CI) of acute GVHD grade 2–4 (35·1% vs. 13·9%, P = 0·003), similar CI of grade 3–4 (14·5% vs. 9·8%, P = 0·595), less 3‐year CI of extensive chronic GVHD (17·1% vs. 41·5%, P = 0·017) and less severe chronic GVHD (5·8% vs. 21·2%, P = 0·049) occurred in the HID group compared with the MSD group. There was no difference in the sites of the involved organs between these two groups. Higher 3‐year CI of non‐relapse mortality (24·0% vs. 10·2%, P = 0·014), relapse (39·0% vs. 22·6%, P = 0·032) and inferior disease‐free survival (45·7% vs. 78·9%, P = 0·000) were recorded in the HID cohort compared with the MSD group. More HID patients had Karnofsky scores above 90 than those in MSD group (P = 0·016). In conclusion, ATG plays a key role in the unmanipulated HID PBSCT protocol, producing better quality of life in survivors.