To evaluate the effectiveness of a three‐dimensional (3D) printed transparent kidney model as a surgical navigator for robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) in patients with complex renal tumours, defined by a… Click to show full abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of a three‐dimensional (3D) printed transparent kidney model as a surgical navigator for robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) in patients with complex renal tumours, defined by a R.E.N.A.L. (Radius, Exophytic/Endophytic, Nearness, Anterior/Posterior, Location) nephrometry score of ≥7.
               
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