LAUSR

Abstract Using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised in a longitudinal sample of infant siblings of autistic children (HR; n = 427, 171 female, 83.4% White) and a comparison group of low‐risk controls (LR, n = 200, 86 female, 81.5% White), collected between 2007 and 2017, this study identified an invariant factor structure of temperament traits across groups at 6 and 12 months. Second, after partitioning the groups by familial risk and diagnostic outcome at 24 months, results reveal an endophenotypic pattern of Positive Emotionality at both 6 and 12 months, (HR‐autism spectrum disorder [ASD] < HR‐no‐ASD < LR). Third, increased ‘Duration of Orienting’ at 12 months was associated with lower scores on the 24‐month developmental outcomes in HR infants. These findings may augment efforts for early identification of ASD.