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risk factors affect the outcome of T2D in China. 6 Meanwhile, for people without established diabetes, the association between stress hyperglycaemia and hospital complications after coronary artery bypass grafting is explored in a large cohort of hospital-based patients with CVD. 7 Moreover, data regarding the evolving burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 8 as well as the epidemiological characteristics and management of NAFLD in China, are enthusiastically reported concerning the emerging NAFLD pandemic. 9 Here, the current status of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China is featured for the first time, 10 and a com-prehensive picture of surgical interventions for diabetes and obesity is presented. We believe that this input into the knowledge of chronic metabolic diseases from China into global reporting of diabetes and related conditions such as obesity, CVD and NAFLD will enable us to better inform the development of new strategies to address these devastating conditions, not only in China but also globally.